Description
Tramadol, sold under the brand name Ultram among others, is an opioid
pain medication used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain. When
taken by mouth in an immediate-release formulation, the onset of pain
relief usually begins within an hour. It is also available by injection.
It may be sold in combination with paracetamol (acetaminophen) or as
longer-acting formulations.
As is typical of opioids, common side effects include constipation,
itchiness, and nausea. Serious side effects may include seizures,
increased risk of serotonin syndrome, decreased alertness, and drug
addiction. A change in dosage may be recommended in those with kidney or
liver problems. It is not recommended in those who are at risk of
suicide or in those who are pregnant. While not recommended in women who
are breastfeeding, those who take a single dose should not generally
stop breastfeeding. Tramadol is converted in the liver to
O-desmethyltramadol (desmetramadol), an opioid with stronger binding to
the -opioid receptor. Tramadol is also a serotoninnorepinephrine
reuptake inhibitor (SNRI).
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